Back to home
Data & Research

Data Sources

Transparent documentation of where our data comes from. All sources are publicly accessible, scientifically validated, and independently verifiable.

Our Commitment to Transparency

This app relies on publicly available data from government agencies, scientific institutions, and community-driven projects. We don't generate our own flight or weather data—we aggregate and present information that anyone can access and verify.

All sources listed below are free to access (or have free tiers) and are used by researchers, meteorologists, and aviation professionals worldwide.

Flight Data

ADS-B Exchange

Visit

Real-time aircraft tracking using ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) receivers worldwide. Provides flight number, aircraft type, altitude, speed, and heading.

Data Types
PositionAltitudeSpeedAircraft Type
Coverage
Global

OpenSky Network

Visit

Community-driven air traffic surveillance network. Academic research platform with historical flight data and open API access.

Data Types
Flight TracksHistorical DataResearch API
Coverage
Global

FlightAware

Visit

Commercial flight tracking service combining ADS-B, radar, and airline data. Provides detailed flight information and schedules.

Data Types
Live TrackingFlight HistorySchedules
Coverage
Global

Weather & Atmospheric Data

NOAA/NWS

Visit

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Provides upper-air observations, atmospheric soundings, and weather forecasts including temperature and humidity at flight levels.

Data Types
TemperatureHumidityWindAtmospheric Pressure
Coverage
United States

ECMWF

Visit

European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Global numerical weather prediction models with high-resolution atmospheric data.

Data Types
Global Weather ModelsForecast DataReanalysis
Coverage
Global

NOAA NCEP

Visit

National Centers for Environmental Prediction. Provides GFS (Global Forecast System) model data including upper-level temperature and humidity.

Data Types
GFS ModelUpper Air DataForecast Grids
Coverage
Global

Weather Balloon Data (Radiosondes)

Visit

Twice-daily atmospheric soundings from weather balloons launched worldwide. Direct measurements of temperature, humidity, and wind at all altitudes.

Data Types
Vertical ProfilesDirect Measurements
Coverage
Global (900+ stations)

Satellite Observations

NASA Worldview

Visit

Interactive interface for browsing satellite imagery from NASA's Earth Observing System. Includes visible and infrared imagery showing contrails and clouds.

Data Types
Satellite ImageryContrail ObservationsCloud Data
Coverage
Global

GOES Satellites

Visit

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites. High-resolution imagery updated every 5-15 minutes, useful for observing contrail formation and evolution.

Data Types
Real-time ImageryInfraredWater Vapor
Coverage
Americas

MODIS (Terra/Aqua)

Visit

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. Twice-daily global coverage with specialized channels for detecting thin cirrus and contrails.

Data Types
Multispectral ImageryCloud Properties
Coverage
Global

Scientific Research

NASA Contrail Education

Visit

Educational resources and research findings from NASA's contrail studies. Includes lesson plans, scientific explanations, and historical context.

Data Types
Research PapersEducational MaterialsCase Studies
Coverage
N/A

DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics

Visit

German Aerospace Center research on contrails and aviation's atmospheric impact. Leading institution in contrail cirrus research.

Data Types
Peer-reviewed ResearchField Campaigns
Coverage
N/A

Contrail Science (Mick West)

Visit

Educational website explaining contrail science with historical evidence, scientific references, and myth debunking. Excellent resource for understanding common misconceptions.

Data Types
ExplanationsHistorical PhotosDebunking
Coverage
N/A

Peer-reviewed Journals

Visit

Academic journals publishing contrail research: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Journal of Geophysical Research.

Data Types
Scientific PapersResearch DataMeta-analyses
Coverage
N/A

How We Use This Data

1

AR Scanner

Combines real-time flight data (ADS-B Exchange, OpenSky) with atmospheric data (NOAA, ECMWF) to identify aircraft and explain contrail formation conditions.

2

Contrail Explanations

Uses temperature and humidity data from weather models and radiosondes to explain why specific contrails persist or dissipate.

3

Educational Content

Learning modules are based on peer-reviewed research from NASA, DLR, and academic journals. All claims are scientifically sourced.

Verify It Yourself

We encourage skepticism and independent verification. Every data source listed above is publicly accessible. You can:

  • Track the same flights we identify using FlightRadar24 or ADS-B Exchange
  • Check atmospheric conditions using NOAA's upper air soundings
  • View satellite imagery of contrails on NASA Worldview
  • Read the original research papers cited in our learning modules